Legal disclaimer page

This publication has been carefully prepared, but it has been written in general terms and should be seen as containing broad statements only. This publication should not be used or relied upon to cover specific situations and you should not act, or refrain from acting, upon the information contained in this publication. No entity of the BDO network, its partners, employees and agents accept or assume any liability or duty of care for any loss arising from any action taken or not taken by anyone in reliance on the information in this publication or for any decision based on it.

‘BDO’, ‘we’, ‘us’, and ‘our’ refer to one or more of BDO International Limited, its network of independent member firms (‘the BDO network’), their related entities, and any BDO member firms.

Service provision within the BDO network is coordinated by Brussels Worldwide Services BV, a limited liability company incorporated in Belgium.

Each of BDO International Limited (the governing entity of the BDO network), Brussels Worldwide Services BV and the member firms is a separate legal entity and has no liability for another such entity’s acts or omissions. Nothing in the arrangements or rules of the BDO network shall constitute or imply an agency relationship or a partnership between BDO International Limited, Brussels Worldwide Services BV and/or the member firms of the BDO network. Neither BDO International Limited nor any other central entities of the BDO network provide services to clients.

BDO is the brand name for the BDO network and for each of the BDO member firms.

The fee income of the member firms in the BDO network, including the members of their exclusive alliances, was US$ 12.8 billion in 2022. These public accounting, tax and advisory firms provide professional services in 164 countries & territories, with 111,307 people working out of 1,803 offices worldwide.